All Mains papers

General Studies IV

Ethics, integrity and aptitude, with case studies. Filter by topic or year.

5 questions

  • 2025 · Question 1 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) In the present digital age, social media has revolutionised our way of communication and interaction. However, it has raised several ethical issues and challenges. Describe the key ethical dilemmas in this regard.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) "Constitutional morality is not a natural sentiment but a product of civil education and adherance of the rule of law." Examine the significance of constitutional morality for public servant highlighting the role in promoting good governance and ensuring accountability in public administration.

      10 marks · 150 words

    • Technology ethics in public service
    • Integrity under political pressure
    • Public trust
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2025, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2025 · Question 4 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) "For any kind of social re-engineering by successfully implementing welfare schemes, a civil servant must use reason and critical thinking in an ethical framework." Justify this statement with suitable examples.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) What are the major teachings of Mahavir? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.

      10 marks · 150 words

    • Integrity under political pressure
    • Thinkers not tested recently
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2025, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2025 · Question 5 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) "One who is devoted to one's duty attains highest perfection in life." Analyse this statement with reference to sense of responsibility and personal fulfilment as a civil servant.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) To achieve holistic development goal, a civil servant acts as an enabler and active facilitator of growth rather than a regulator. What specific measures will you suggest to achieve this goal?

      10 marks · 150 words

    • Integrity under political pressure
    • Civil services reform
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2025, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2025 · Question 9 · Section B · Case study · 20 marks · 250 words

    Subash is Secretary, PWD in the State Government. He is a senior officer, known for his competence, integrity and dedication to work. He enjoys the trust and confidence of Minister Incharge of PWD and Programme Implementation. As a part of his job profile, he is responsible for policy formulation, execution of projects relating to infrastructure initiatives in the State. Besides, he oversees the technical and administrative aspects relating to planning, designing and construction etc. Subash's Minister is an important Minister in the state and significant growth in urban infrastructure development and road network has been registered during his tenure. He is very keen for launching of ambitious road construction project in the near future. Subash is in regular touch with the Minister and is working various modalities of road construction project. Regular meetings, interactions and presentations are made by him to the Minister before a formal public announcement of the project is made by the Minister. Subash's only son Vikas is in real estate business. His son from his own sources is aware that a mega road project is on the anvil and announcement in this regard is expected anytime. He is very keen to know from his father the exact location of the upcoming project. He knows that there would be quantum jump in the prices of land in the vicinity. Buying land at this stage at cheaper prices would pay him rich dividends. He is pleading with him (his father) day in and day out to share him location of the proposed project. He assured him that he would handle the matter discretely as it would not attract any adverse notice as he in the normal course, keeps on buying land as a part of his business. He feels pressurised because of constant pleadings by his son. Another significant aspect of the matter pertained to the extra/undue interest in the above project by the Minister PWD. His nephew was also having big infrastructure project company. In fact, the Minister has also introduced his nephew to him and indicated to him to take care of his nephew's business interest in the forthcoming project. The Minister encouraged him to act fast in the matter as early announcement and execution of mega road project would enhance his status in the party and public life. In the above backdrop, Subash is in a fix as to the future course of action.

    1. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.

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    2. (b) Critically examine the options available to Subash in the above situation.

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    3. (c) Which of the above would be most appropriate and why?

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    • Integrity under political pressure
    • Transparency and accountability
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2025, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2025 · Question 10 · Section B · Case study · 20 marks · 250 words

    Rajesh is a Group A officer with nine years of service. He is posted as Administrative Officer in an Oil Public Sector undertaking. As an Administrative Officer he is responsible for managing and coordinating various administrative tasks to ensure smooth functioning of office. He also manages office supplies, equipment etc. Rajesh is now sufficient senior and is expecting his next promotion in JAG (Junior Administrative Grade) in the next one or two years. He knows that promotion is based on examination of ACRs/Performance Appraisal of last few years (5 years or so) of an officer by a DPC (Departmental Promotion Committee) and an officer lacking requisite grading of ACRs may not be found fit for promotion. Consequences of losing promotion may entail financial and reputational loss and set-back for career progression. Though he also puts his best efforts in official discharge of his duties, yet he is unsure of assessment by his superior officer. He is now putting extra efforts so that he gets thumping report at the end of financial year. As Administrative Officer, Rajesh is regularly interacting with his immediate boss, who is his reporting officer for writing his ACR. One day he calls Rajesh and wants him to buy computer-related stationery on priority from a particular vendor. Rajesh instructs his office to initiate action for procuring these items. During the day, the dealing Assistant brings an estimate of Rupees Thirty Five Lakhs covering all stationery items from the same vendor. It is noticed that as per delegated financial powers, as provided in the GFR (General Financial Rules) as applicable in that Organisation, expenditure for office items exceeding Rupees Thirty Lakhs requires sanction of the next higher authority (boss in the present case). Rajesh knows that immediate superior would expect all these purchases should be done at his level and may not appreciate such lack of initiative on his part. During discussions with office, he learns that common practice of splitting of expenditure (where large order is divided into a series of smaller ones) is followed to avoid obtaining sanction from higher authority. This practice is against the rules and may come to the adverse notice of Audit. Rajesh is perturbed. He is unsure of taking decision in the matter.

    1. (a) What are the options available with Rajesh in the above situation?

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    2. (b) What are the ethical issues involved in this case?

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    3. (c) Which would be the most appropriate option for Rajesh and why?

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    • Integrity under political pressure
    • Public trust
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2025, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)