General Studies II

Constitution, polity, governance, social justice, international relations. Filter by topic or year.

6 questions

2026 · Question 12 · 15 marks · 250 words
What is meant by judicial legislation? In this context, discuss the verdicts of the apex court allowing "passive euthanasia" and a "living will".
- Euthanasia law
- Article 142 and judicial overreach
Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2026, General Studies II (opens in a new tab)
2026 · Question 14 · 15 marks · 250 words
Examine how the separation of powers is practised in India compared to the rigid presidential model of the United States of America. In this context, compare the actual authority of the Indian Prime Minister with that of the President of the USA.
- Article 142 and judicial overreach
Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2026, General Studies II (opens in a new tab)
2024 · Question 14 · 15 marks · 250 words
Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world's most powerful judiciary?
- Article 142 and judicial overreach
- Judicial accountability
Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2024, General Studies II (opens in a new tab)
2023 · Question 11 · 15 marks · 250 words
"The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society." Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty.
- Article 142 and judicial overreach
Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2023, General Studies II (opens in a new tab)
2022 · Question 1 · 10 marks · 150 words
"The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court." Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.
- Article 142 and judicial overreach
Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2022, General Studies II (opens in a new tab)
2021 · Question 1 · 10 marks · 150 words
'Constitutional Morality' is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of 'Constitutional Morality' with the help of relevant judicial decisions.
- Judicial accountability
- Article 142 and judicial overreach
Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2021, General Studies II (opens in a new tab)

What is meant by judicial legislation? In this context, discuss the verdicts of the apex court allowing "passive euthanasia" and a "living will".

Examine how the separation of powers is practised in India compared to the rigid presidential model of the United States of America. In this context, compare the actual authority of the Indian Prime Minister with that of the President of the USA.

Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world's most powerful judiciary?

"The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society." Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty.

"The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court." Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.

'Constitutional Morality' is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of 'Constitutional Morality' with the help of relevant judicial decisions.