All Mains papers

General Studies IV

Ethics, integrity and aptitude, with case studies. Filter by topic or year.

8 questions

  • 2026 · Question 1 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) Owing to paucity of time, a university professor generates a Ph.D. evaluation report using Artificial Intelligence and submits it with some modifications. Discuss this from the perspective of accountability and integrity.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) A business house is working on a project that could displace a forest community from their habitat. As the administrative officer of that district, what ethical challenges are you likely to face?

      10 marks · 150 words

    • Technology ethics in public service
    • Consent and autonomy
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2026, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2026 · Question 8 · Section B · Case study · 20 marks · 250 words

    Ravi is a senior police officer with vast experience in riot control and cyber-policing. Since one year, he has been the Superintendent of Police (SP) of a district with a history of frequent rioting. Last year, Ravi had sought installation of an AI enabled software for predictive policing. This system has been operational for approximately six months. This new system employs advanced algorithms for capturing the biometric data of persons in a crowd and swiftly relating it to a data library. This has enabled the police to identify the persons involved in various crimes. The system has identified an immigrant and low-income neighbourhood as a centre for gang violence and drug trafficking. Aided by this AI analysis, the local police has focused its patrolling, preventive detentions and establishing checkposts. Consequently, public order and law enforcement has visibly improved. Last week, some community leaders, civil rights lawyers and human rights activists visited Ravi's office. They submitted a memorandum that the new system is faulty as it is based on incorrect historical data caused by social biases and discriminatory policing. The memorandum also alleges that the increased surveillance has created a climate of tension amongst residents. This feeling is aggravated by the fact that the residents are not aware of the data noted against their names.

    1. (a) What are the ethical issues including biases involved in the use of AI in data-driven policing?

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    2. (b) Place yourself in Ravi's role and discuss the alternatives available. Justify the action that optimises compliance with ethics.

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    • Technology ethics in public service
    • Cyber security
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2026, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2026 · Question 10 · Section B · Case study · 20 marks · 250 words

    Vikas is a government officer with over a decade of service in public administration. He has recently moved as the District Collector (DC) of Nainipura, a remote hilly district bordering a forest. Due to Nainipura's low levels of economic development, one of his major duties is to ensure proper functioning of the public distribution system (PDS) amongst the economically weaker sections (EWS). During his on-site visits, Vikas was apprised of a typical administrative challenge in operating the PDS. To prevent leakages, all distributors were required to carry out real-time biometric identification of the beneficiaries, whose fingerprints were tallied with identity card records. This was creating problems as the operating system sometimes rejected fingerprint matching in the cases of growing children, manual labourers and senior citizens. The problem was further compounded in periods of low WiFi connectivity. The distributors, in such cases, resorted to personal discretion when they could identify the recipient. Vikas had to address this problem on priority. Strictly adhering to government regulations would ensure fiscal probity but would greatly trouble the proposed beneficiary, i.e., EWS. It may even impinge on their fundamental right to life as per Article 21 of the Constitution. Conversely, leaving the resolution solely to the discretion of the distributors could lead to misuse and leakages.

    1. (a) What are the options open to Vikas? How should he balance fiscal probity with empathy towards the designated beneficiaries?

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    2. (b) Discuss the ethics of using technology as a gatekeeper for welfare schemes.

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    • Welfare delivery through technology
    • Technology ethics in public service
    • Malnutrition and food security
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2026, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2025 · Question 1 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) In the present digital age, social media has revolutionised our way of communication and interaction. However, it has raised several ethical issues and challenges. Describe the key ethical dilemmas in this regard.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) "Constitutional morality is not a natural sentiment but a product of civil education and adherance of the rule of law." Examine the significance of constitutional morality for public servant highlighting the role in promoting good governance and ensuring accountability in public administration.

      10 marks · 150 words

    • Technology ethics in public service
    • Integrity under political pressure
    • Public trust
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2025, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2024 · Question 1 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) The application of Artificial Intelligence as a dependable source of input for administrative rational decision-making is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) "Ethics encompasses several key dimensions that are crucial in guiding individuals and organizations towards morally responsible behaviour." Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human actions. Discuss how these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in the professional context.

      10 marks · 150 words

    • Technology ethics in public service
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2024, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2023 · Question 12 · Section B · Case study · 20 marks · 250 words

    You hold a responsible position in a ministry in the government. One day in the morning you received a call from the school of your 11-year-old son that you are required to come and meet the Principal. You proceed to the school and find your son in the Principal's office. The Principal informs you that your son had been found wandering aimlessly in the grounds during the time classes were in progress. The class teacher further informs you that your son has lately become a loner and did not respond to questions in the class, he had also been unable to perform well in the football trials held recently. You bring your son back from the school and in the evening, you along with your wife try to find out the reasons for your son's changed behaviour. After repeated cajoling, your son shares that some children had been making fun of him in the class as well as in the WhatsApp group of the students by calling him stunted, duh and a frog. He tells you the names of a few children who are the main culprits but pleads with you to let the matter rest. After a few days, during a sporting event, where you and your wife have gone to watch your son play, one of your colleague's son shows you a video in which students have caricatured your son. Further, he also points out to the perpetrators who were sitting in the stands. You purposefully walk past them with your son and go home. Next day, you find on social media, a video denigrating you, your son and even your wife, stating that you engaged in physical bullying of children on the sports field. The video became viral on social media. Your friends and colleagues began calling you to find out the details. One of your juniors advised you to make a counter video giving the background and explaining that nothing had happened on the field. You, in turn posted a video which you have captured during the sporting event, identifying the likely perpetrators who were responsible for your son's predicament. You have also narrated what has actually happened in the field and made attempts to bring out the adverse effects of the misuse of social media.

    1. (a) Based on the above case study, discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of social media.

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    2. (b) Discuss the pros and cons of using social media by you to put across the facts to counter the fake propaganda against your family.

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    • Technology ethics in public service
    • Digital addiction and youth mental health
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2023, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2022 · Question 4 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) What do you understand by the term 'good governance'? How far recent initiatives in terms of e-Governance steps taken by the State have helped the beneficiaries? Discuss with suitable examples.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) Online methodology is being used for day-to-day meetings, institutional approvals in the administration and for teaching and learning in education sector to the extent telemedicine in the health sector is getting popular with the approvals of the competent authority. No doubt, it has advantages and disadvantages for both the beneficiaries and the system at large. Describe and discuss the ethical issues involved in the use of online method particularly to the vulnerable section of the society.

      10 marks · 150 words

    • e-Governance
    • Technology ethics in public service
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2022, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)
  • 2021 · Question 2 · Section A · 20 marks

    1. (a) Impact of digital technology as reliable source of input for rational decision making is a debatable issue. Critically evaluate with suitable example.

      10 marks · 150 words

    2. (b) Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with suitable example.

      10 marks · 150 words

    • Technology ethics in public service
    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Main) 2021, General Studies IV (opens in a new tab)