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Ancient, medieval and modern India, freedom struggle. Filter by topic or year.

132 questions

  • 2026 · Question 2 · British Rule

    The artificially fixed rupee-sterling exchange rate prescribed by the Hilton-Young Commission (1926) was adopted by the British Government for which one of the following reasons ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 3 · Ancient India

    Consider the following statements : I. Pali texts contain the first definite references to coins, e.g., kahapana, nikkha, kamsa, and kakanika. II. The literary evidence from Pali texts is corroborated by archaeological evidence of punch-marked coins from many sites, most of them made of silver. The above statements have been associated with which of the following ? 1. Emergence of urban life 2. Transition to money economy Select the answer using the code given below :

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 7 · Ancient India

    Consider the following statements relating to the use of the place-value system in India : 1. The earliest epigraphic use of the place-value system in India is found in the Mankani plates from Gujarat (AD 595 – 596). 2. In the ninth century, place-values become general in inscriptions all over India. 3. The place-values have been found in Sanskrit inscriptions in South-east Asia as early as the seventh century. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 8 · Ancient India

    Consider the following statements about the archaeological findings in Harappan towns : I. There is wide occurrence of spindle-whorls in the houses but absence of spinning wheels. II. Weights and measurement scales, complete with graduations have been discovered. III. There are houses built in large part with baked bricks, around relatively spacious courtyards, with their own wells, bathing platforms, and large rooms. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements ? 1. Statement I suggests that spinning was a laborious activity done at home. 2. Statement II suggests the extent of the scientific knowledge that the Harappans possessed. 3. Statement III suggests the emergence of a common property system. Select the answer using the code given below :

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 9 · Freedom Struggle

    Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 10 · Ancient India

    Consider the following statements about the Rigvedic period : I. Irrigation from wells allowed agriculture to expand away from flood plains and strips on river margins into the present Punjab and Haryana plains having underground water levels reasonably close to the surface. II. Draught-animal power was employed to draw up water out of the wells. Which of the following information support/supports the above statements ? 1. There is evidence in the Rigveda of the use of ashma chakra (stone pulley wheel) and ahava (strapped wooden pails) to draw up water. 2. Mention has been made in the Rigveda of the use of implements like parashu/ kulisha (axe) and datra /sreni (sickle). 3. There is a history of the use of ox, even before the Rigveda, for ploughing the land and pulling the carts. Select the answer using the code given below :

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 16 · Freedom Struggle

    Which of the following factors contributed to the formation of the Forward Bloc by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1939 ? 1. Bose failed to win the confidence of Mahatma Gandhi. 2. The Congress Left was disunited and failed to support Bose. 3. The Communists did not support Bose in his endeavours. 4. The supporters of M.N. Roy and socialist leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan preferred Congress unity to supporting Bose. Select the answer using the code given below :

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 17 · British Rule

    Consider the following statements regarding the British policy in Awadh immediately after its annexation in 1856 : 1. The taluqdars were dispossessed of their estates but allowed to retain their arms and forts. 2. A Summary Revenue Settlement was made in 1856 assuming that the taluqdars were outsiders. 3. The British believed in taking revenue directly from the peasants by removing the taluqdars. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2026 · Question 18 · Freedom Struggle

    Consider the following assertion : The genesis of political alliances based on community lay in the very nature of the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, 1919. Which of the following statements support/supports the above assertion ? 1. Reforms retained and extended the principle of separate electorates. 2. Separate electorates were supposed to counter Indian nationalism, which was growing stronger. 3. Deprived classes rallied around the favours inherent in separate electorates. Select the answer using the code given below :

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2025 · Question 11 · Social Reform Movements

    Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy : I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East. II. He desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2025 · Question 12 · Freedom Struggle

    Consider the following subjects with regard to Non-Cooperation Programme : I. Boycott of law-courts and foreign cloth II. Observance of strict non-violence III. Retention of titles and honours without using them in public IV. Establishment of Panchayats for settling disputes How many of the above were parts of Non-Cooperation Programme?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2025 · Question 16 · Medieval India

    Who among the following led a successful military campaign against the kingdom of Srivijaya, the powerful maritime State, which ruled the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and the neighbouring islands?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2025 · Question 17 · Ancient India

    With reference to ancient India (600–322 BC), consider the following pairs : Territorial region | River flowing in the region I. | Asmaka | Godavari II. | Kamboja | Vipas III. | Avanti | Mahanadi IV. | Kosala | Sarayu How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2025 · Question 20 · Freedom Struggle

    Consider the following statements in respect of the Non-Cooperation Movement : I. The Congress declared the attainment of ‘Swaraj’ by all legitimate and peaceful means to be its objective. II. It was to be implemented in stages with civil disobedience and non-payment of taxes for the next stage only if ‘Swaraj’ did not come within a year and the Government resorted to repression. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2025 · Question 74 · Freedom Struggle

    Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of ‘Harijans’ in his political and social programme?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2024 · Question 54 · Ancient India

    With reference to ancient India, Gautama Buddha was generally known by which of the following epithets ? 1. Nayaputta 2. Shakyamuni 3. Tathagata Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2024 · Question 55 · Ancient India

    Consider the following information : Archaeological Site | State | Description 1. Chandraketugarh | Odisha | Trading Port town 2. Inamgaon | Maharashtra | Chalcolithic site 3. Mangadu | Kerala | Megalithic site 4. Salihundam | Andhra Pradesh | Rock-cut cave shrines In which of the above rows is the given information correctly matched ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2024 · Question 57 · British Rule

    With reference to revenue collection by Cornwallis, consider the following statements : 1. Under the Ryotwari Settlement of revenue collection, the peasants were exempted from revenue payment in case of bad harvests or natural calamities. 2. Under the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, if the Zamindar failed to pay his revenues to the state, on or before the fixed date, he would be removed from his Zamindari. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2023 · Question 44 · Ancient India

    Which one of the following explains the practice of ‘Vattakirutal’ as mentioned in Sangam poems?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2023 · Question 81 · Modern India

    With reference to the Indian History, Alexander Rea, A. H. Longhurst, Robert Sewell, James Burgess and Walter Elliot were associated with

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2023 · Question 83 · Freedom Struggle

    Consider the following statements : Statement–I : 7th August is declared as the National Handloom Day. Statement–II : It was in 1905 that the Swadeshi Movement was launched on the same day. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2022 · Question 51 · Modern India

    In the Government of India Act 1919, the functions of Provincial Government were divided into “Reserved” and “Transferred” subjects. Which of the following were treated as “Reserved” subjects ? 1. Administration of Justice 2. Local Self-Government 3. Land Revenue 4. Police Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2022 · Question 54 · Freedom Struggle

    With reference to the proposals of Cripps Mission, consider the following statements : 1. The Constituent Assembly would have members nominated by the Provincial Assemblies as well as the Princely States. 2. Any Province, which is not prepared to accept the new Constitution would have the right to sign a separate agreement with Britain regarding its future status. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2022 · Question 57 · Medieval India

    With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements : 1. The first Mongol invasion of India happened during the reign of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. 2. During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one Mongol assault marched up to Delhi and besieged the city. 3. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost portions of north-west of his kingdom to Mongols. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2022 · Question 59 · Modern India

    With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements : 1. The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers. 2. Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate. 3. The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2022 · Question 60 · Ancient India

    According to Kautilya’s Arthashastra, which of the following are correct ? 1. A person could be a slave as a result of a judicial punishment. 2. If a female slave bore her master a son, she was legally free. 3. If a son born to a female slave was fathered by her master, the son was entitled to the legal status of the master’s son. Which of the statements given above are correct ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)

  • 2022 · Question 91 · Ancient India

    Consider the following pairs : Site of Ashoka’s major rock edicts | Location in the State of 1. Dhauli — Odisha 2. Erragudi — Andhra Pradesh 3. Jaugada — Madhya Pradesh 4. Kalsi — Karnataka How many pairs given above are correctly matched ?

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    Source: UPSC, Civil Services (Preliminary), General Studies Paper I (opens in a new tab)